Definitely affected by cold - the colder it is the worse it is. I do not know however that I can state with certainty it does not occur at temps above 32 degrees. Does this absolutely not occur above 32 degrees?The *frozen* check valve is fairly well known.
I thought your descriptions had been during periods that were too warm- above freezing.
Does anyone know a part number and source for a replacement check valve? If it is cheap I might be inclined to replace rather than try to clean out any gunk built up in there.