Over time oil absorbs all sorts of things and after a while can't keep that stuff suspended. I'm in CA and we do lots of Central valley hot trips during the summers. Which case during the summer I generally change it at around 4500 to 5000 miles pending if we are hauling trailers etc.
Regarding time vs miles 6 months for a single change is a drop in the bucket regarding vehicle cost yes change the oil. We have a large SUV the family 3rd car which sees about 6000 miles a year I try to change the oil no later than 6 months usually around 5 months. Synthetic is better at staying stable and clean that long but some would argue that the impurities sitting in the oil that long could cause issues with gaskets and seals.
I wouldn't go more than 6 months and during the hot dusty summer months no more than the 3-4 month time frame. Central valley is hard on oil due to the heat and lots of dust.