I was having the same problem with Apple Maps on my 2024 Limited XT. Used to work just fine, and Waze has no problem sending audio directions. On my iPhone SE 2022, under Spoken Directions, I have enabled "Louder Volume," "Directions Pause Spoken Audio," and "Directions Wake Device." I tried enabling "Directions on Radio" for a while, but that didn't help so I disabled it. All the Outback settings were correct, too.
And then I stumbled on the solution. I tried using Apple Maps while not even sitting in my car and it STILL wasn't providing spoken directions through the PHONE. I noticed a little speaker icon on the right of the screen with an exclamation mark in a triangle. I tapped the icon and realized there are three choices, which according to Apple mean the following:
Hence my phone was set to "Only driving alerts," but I don't remember even getting them. So I tapped on the "All directions are spoken" icon and it fixed everything, both on the phone and in my Outback. Not sure how it got switched from "All directions" to "Only driving alerts," but I'll chalk it up to user error. With all the electronic gizmos on this vehicle they seem inevitable. 😂 I've turned off as many of them as I could, but still.....